Essay on Native Americans and Alcohol - 2260 Words

Native Americans as a whole have been typecast as drunks ever since the coming of the white man’s â€Å"fire water.† TS Naimi, MD et al. reports that alcohol is responsible for 11.7% of all American Indian and Alaska Native deaths, compared to 3.3% for the U.S. general population (939). This disturbing discrepancy reinforces the age old notion of the â€Å"drunk Indian.† Generalizations aside, is there some truth to this stereotype? Are Indians more likely than other races to be drunks? Of all the races, â€Å"Native Americans have the highest prevalence (12.1%) of heavy drinking†¦A larger percentage of Native Americans (29.6%) also are binge drinkers† (Chartier and Caetano 153). Although some research has been done on genetic causes, little is†¦show more content†¦Nichea Spillane argues that â€Å"Alcohol use among American Indians is perhaps the largest health concern in many American Indian communities† (8). Even with free me dical clinics, known as Indian Health Services, many Native Americans who live in cities or have left their tribal lands find it difficult to receive the medical care that is needed. This could explain why, â€Å"Uninsured American Indians or Alaska Native Adults were more likely than uninsured adults in the general population to have binged on alcohol in the past month† (SAMHSA 6). Study after study show the disturbing effects of alcohol on the American Indians’ health. From minor health problems to alcohol-attributable deaths, to mental health and suicides, there is no way to document all the damage caused by excessive drinking. It is documented that â€Å"†¦excessive alcohol consumption is a leading cause of preventable death and years of lost life in this population. During 2001-2005, AmericanIndian/ AlaskaNatives were more than twice as likely to die from alcohol-related causes, compared with the U.S. general population (Naimi et al. 940). There are al so social issues that are a concern for many Native Americans. These issues can be either a result of or a cause of alcoholism. A job, or the lack of them, is one of the main concerns. Dr. Spillane confirms, â€Å"For many reservation-dwelling American Indians, access to standard life reinforces is†¦notShow MoreRelatedEssay on Alcohol Abuse and Native Americans1754 Words   |  8 Pagesextensive usage of a particular substance is the Native American community. According to the Associated Press (2014, August 28), as noted on the MSNBC website, out of ten deaths among the Native American population, one is Alcohol related. Additionally, the prevalence of Alcohol consumption among the Native American population relates to the fact that it’s associated with the various cultural events that define the way of life of Native Americans. Therefore, the focus of this paper shall be on theRead MoreAlcohol Dependency Among Native Americans1658 Words   |  7 Pageshealth and social problems associated with alcohol dependency among Native communities can also be traced back to the actions of European immigrants. Western movies pushed the unflattering stereotype of the â€Å"drunken Indian† onto a mainstream audience throughout the twentieth-century, yet Hollywood was less forthcoming in documenting the fact that before colonisation, alcohol was non-existent within all but a small minority of Native groups located in the American Southwest, where its consumption was reservedRead MoreAlcoholism And Alcohol Dependence Among Native Americans Essay1821 Words   |  8 Pagespopulations. Yet nationwide, the alcohol dependency rate is six times greater for Native Americans than that of the general population, according to estimates from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2014). Alcoholism and alcohol-related problems have created serious issues in Native American communities, but in recent decades, substantial advances have been found to u nderstand sources and solutions to these problems. New research into the way alcohol is metabolized by the body and itsRead MoreIntegrating Holistic Modalities into Native American Alcohol Treatment1295 Words   |  6 Pagesreceptor on alcohol dependence rates among Native Americans. Ehlers, et al. (2008) noted that people with lower risk of becoming an alcoholic were more sensitive to the effects of alcohol, while people at higher risk for alcoholism were less sensitive to the effects. The research team also discussed the firewater myth that is common among current Native American culture, which postulates a constitutional predisposition to alcoholism as a result of an innate altered response to alcohol (Ehlers, etRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Within Native American Societies Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pagesdestroys lives, relationships and families all over the world. Native Americans seem to have suffered immensely by it. Since the coming of the Englishmen and the introduction of new k nowledge and tools Native people have been trying to hold on to their own culture and their own way of life. Unfortunately with them came new items for consumption, alcohol was one of the main ingredients to the internal downfall of Native populations. Native American populations suffer greatly due to the ongoing epidemic ofRead MoreAlcohol Use And The Problems Associated With High Risk Drinking Among Native Americans1445 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol use and the problems associated with high-risk drinking among Native Americans/ Native Alaskan populations has taken a toll within this particular group of people. Alcohol was initially introduced to the Native American culture by white settlers who had arrived from Europe. Soon after the settler’s arrival, alcohol became a commodity used for trade with Indians for their crops. Alcohol prior to this introduction was not widely used but, this however made alcohol prevalent with Native peopleRead MoreThe Poor Condition Of Native Americans1184 Words   |  5 Pagescondition of Native Americans in the United States. Two of which had the most impact have been poverty and alcoholism. There are many possible reasons why Native American’s were introduced to alcohol. For instance, their religious practice incorporated alcohol to be able to achieve a transcendent experience. It was not escape from reality that Native Americans sought, but more about fulfillment and discovery of oneself. However, Native Americans were uneducated of how potent alcohol was and whatRead MoreAlcohol And Its Effects On Alcohol1403 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Alcohol has long been a subject of controversy. Long before man understood the indications and contraindications of alcohol there has been laws against this drug. Classifying alcohol as a drug may not be suited for a majority of the population because people like to partake in drinking. Imbibing in alcohol is a tradition in many parts of the country. We use alcohol for celebrations, traditions, socialization and combining food flavors with specific alcohols. Forgetting that too much canRead MoreNative Americans and the Issue of Alcoholism Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing the European invasion in America, Native Americans came to endure many problems. While some have faded, others still linger on in their lives. The issue of alcohol and alcoholism is one of them. From settlers using it to deceive, to today’s issues on the reservation, alcohol has played a devastating role in the lives of Native Americans. Knowing how the issue of alcohol became such a predominate part of Native Americans lives will allow us to spawn ideas on how to end the problem. BeforeRead MoreSherman Alexie s The Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight1405 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph who we see in many short stories and thus see the plight Native Americans go through in modern day America. The novel shows us the many trials that the people of the Reservation go through and addresses the many serious problems that modern Native Americans face, such as racism, alcoholism, poverty, limited educational opportunities, and being geographical isolated. Ultimately the state of affairs that the modern Native American race goes through stems from the historical events of European

Is the War on Terrorism a War Essay Free Essays

string(38) " to make many things such as to rule\." The Global War on Terrorism is a military run that began shortly after the terrorist onslaughts of September 11th 2001. First used by George W. Bush. We will write a custom essay sample on Is the War on Terrorism a War Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now the phrase ‘war on terror’ has become to be conceptualized as a term used to mean ‘global military. political. lawful. and conceptual battle aiming both organisations designated as terrorists and governments accused of back uping them. † The war on panic chief focal point has been with Islamist activists and Al-Qaeda. The war in Afghanistan and Iraq are both considered to be portion of the war on terrorist act. There is much guess on whether the war on panic is really a war. This essay will reason that both points of position are valid. There are grounds which validate the war on terrorist act as being considered an existent war such as the fact that an existent decelaration of war was waged by both the US and Al-Qaeda. it can be considered a new manner of war. and that finally like war. terrorist act is a mean to a political terminal. On the other side of the spectrum. it may non be considered a war because it does non hold a clear terminal or possible triumph. it does non hold a confined conflict infinite as regular wars. and it is a ‘war’ against an immaterial construct such as the wars on poorness. drugs. and offense. There is an extended sum of literature on the topic of terrorist act and particularly the war on panic. Mia Bloom in ‘Dying to Kill: The Allure of Suicide Terror’ examines the usage schemes. successes. and failures of self-destruction bombardment in Asia. the Middle East. and Europe. She claims that in many cases the attempt of Israel. Russia. and the United States have failed to discourage terrorist act and suicide bombardments. Bloom besides contemplates how terrorist groups learn from one another. and therefore how they react and retaliate to counterterror tactics the funding of terrorist act. and the function of suicide onslaughts against the background of larger cultural and political struggles. Another current bookman authorship on terrorist act is Mark Juergensmeyer. Juergensmeyer surveies spiritual terrorist act more specifically. Bruce Hoffman gives a superb penetration to terrorist act and all its facets. Hoffman describes its historical development and the mentality of the terrorist. He examines this unseeable enemy and his tactics and motive in a globalized universe. Hoffman argues that the 9/11 onslaughts on the Twin Towers radically altered the USA’s and the Wests position on terrorist act. When trying to reply the above inquiry it is of import to clear up and specify the footings. Terrorism has a huge figure of definitions and varies greatly depending on who is seeking to specify it and from what position it is being defined and at which range. For illustration one definition of terrorist act is the FBI’s definition of it as ‘the improper usage of force or force against individuals or belongings to intimidate or hale a Government. the civilian population. or any section thereof. in farther political or societal objectives’ . Another definition is from the Department of Defense which states it to be as ‘the calculated usage of improper force or menace of improper force to instill fright ; intended to hale or to intimidate authoritiess or societies in the chase of ends that are by and large political. spiritual. or ideological aims. A concluding illustration of one of the many definitions of terrorist act is that of the Department of homeland Security which states it as ‘any activity that involves an act that is unsafe to human life or potentially destructive of critic substructure or cardinal resources ; and†¦must besides appear to be intended ( I ) to intimidate or hale a civilian population ; ( two ) to act upon the policy of a authorities by bullying or coercion ; ( three ) to impact the behavior of a authorities by mass devastation. blackwash. or nobbling. ’ These definitions vary rather greatly from one to another. Any definition of terrorist act suits a peculiar bureau and how they look at the act of force. whereas really few expression at the causes for it and what its kernel is. Notice the selected vocabulary for each definition will accommodate the type of agency’s profile. The job with specifying terrorist act is one that it is a subjective thing. and two that the parties seeking to specify it seek to include everything and nil in it. They try to set and assorted different events that happened and state of affairss every bit good to assist specify it so as to do certain that terrorist act encompasses a big figure of things. For illustration the discotheque bombardment of Bali. It seems that the definitions need to include anything that attacks the West. With respects to the war on panic. is it the war on panic or terrorist act? Is there truly a war on terrorist act and if so harmonizing to whom? The USA? Al-Qaeda? And in which theaters and locations are we speaking about? The war on panic might be a war on panic in Afghanistan but non in other topographic points. Besides the rubric of the inquiry is rather equivocal because is terrorist act is an act of war. or is war is an act of terrorist act? Each one can be unfolded onto the other easy. It is besides of import to see who is included in the war on panic. is it all terrorists groups including terrorist groups like the IRA? Or is it merely limited to Islamist hawkish terrorist groups such as Al-Qaeda? It is non ever clear who are the terrorists and who are the terrorized†¦ â€Å"All political relations is a battle for power. and the ultimate sort of power is force. † Hoffman writes that terrorist act is where political relations and force intersect in the hope of presenting power. And that all terrorist act involves a pursuit for power. Power to make many things such as to rule. You read "Is the War on Terrorism a War Essay" in category "Essay examples" coerce. control but finally to ‘effect cardinal political alteration. Clausewitz’s definition of war was ‘war is the continuance of Politick by other means’ . In this context terrorist act tantrums in conformity to his definition as terrorist act excessively can be considered portion of war. Terrorism can be considered a tactic or act of war. or war a tactic or act of terrorist act. For illustration the Gallic used anguish during the Battle of Algiers. the US uses panic tactics itself such as Abu Ghraib. It is really hard to divide war from terrorist act neatly. Bing a terrorist is a stepping-stone to going a politician. Therefore because of the really equivocal relationship and line between war and terrorist act. terrorist act can be considered as a new manner. or military maneuver of contending war. Therefore anything that tries to counter onslaught it can besides be considered a war. Therefore riping the war on terrorist act a war. Terrorism is ‘a complex phenomena in which force is used to obtain political power to readdress grudges ’ In order for one to see the war on terrorist act as an existent war. an existent statement of engaging war has had to been made. This is the instance with the war on terrorist act. Al-Qaeda did declare war on the USA in 1998. The bush disposal created the term of the ‘axis of evil’ and the USA did contend a conventional war in Iraq in 2003. The war on terrorist act might non be a war in itself but it could be made up and composed by several on traveling wars such as Chechnya. the authorities of Sri Lanka versus the Tumult Tigers ( which was really the first state to successfully get the better of terrorist act ) . and Mali. There have been clear aims set out and enemies to get the better of. Although this enemy is unseeable. and the manner of contending the conflicts are different ( due to the asymmetrical facet of the war on panic ) it does non intend this is non a war. The regulations have changed. the conflict infinite as good. the manner of thought of the enemy and war has changed drastically. But it is still war. It is merely a new face of war. However. the war on terrorist act is difficult to specify as an existent ‘war’ for several grounds. One. because it seems the US and the West are merely patroling and prosecuting in state edifice to advance broad democracy. Hoffman mentions the 2nd factor. which is immensely of import in discrediting the war on terrorist act as a war saying that ‘unlike traditional wars. the war on panic does non hold a clear end’ . This is because the triumph seems unachievable. Terrorism won’t dice along with the terrorist leaders. Not even when the most wanted terrorist has been killed. DCIA Leon E. Panetta stated that â€Å"I don’t think there’s any inquiry that when you get the figure one terrorist in the universe. that we’re a small safer today than we were when he was alive. But I besides don’t think we ought to pull the leg of ourselves that killing Usama Bin Ladin kills al-Qa’ida. Al-Qa’ida still remains a menace. they’re still traveling to seek to assail our state. and I think we have to go on to be argus-eyed and go on the attempt to finally get the better of these cats. We damaged them. but we still have to get the better of them. † In order for a war to be a war. shouldn’t it hold a clear terminal? Or at least a possible one? The war on terrorist act besides is discredited as being an existent war because it does non take topographic point on a clear conflict infinite. The manager of public prosecutions. Sir Ken Macdonald quoted â€Å"London is non a battleground. Those inexperienced persons who were murdered on July 7 2005 were non victims of war. And the work forces who killed them were non. as in their amour propre they claimed on their farcical pictures. ‘soldiers’ . They were deluded. egotistic inadequates. They were felons. They were fantasists. We need to be really clear about this. On the streets of London. there is no such thing as a ‘war on terror’ . merely as there can be no such thing as a ‘war on drugs’ He continues by saying that ‘the battle against terrorist act on the streets of Britain is non a war. It is the bar of offense. the enforcement of our Torahs and the winning of justness for those damaged by their violation. † The war on panic could merely be a war against a ‘thing’ such as the war on poorness. drugs. offense tc†¦ There is no existent manner to get the better of. destroy and free the planet of such immaterial constructs. The war on terrorist act looked under these facets becomes more hard to truly accept as a war. It is hard to reply the inquiry if whether the war on terrorist act is an existent war. It appears that there is a battle between Al-Qaeda contending secula rism. consumerism. and immorality and the US and the West is contending against retardation and against groups of people who reject western values and globalisation. Is this what the existent war being fought is about? Is this the existent war that is traveling on? There are both facets crediting the war on terrorist act as a war and others discrediting it. This inquiry nevertheless is extremely relevant and intertwines to other facets of IR305 such as the altering nature of war ( is the war on panic the new type of war? ) . the different types of warfare ( is the war on panic the new western manner of warfare and terrorist act the Arab manner of warfare? ) . and the subject of hazard societies ( are we engendering more terrorist act by contending the war on panic. therefore making more hazard ) . All of these assorted facets of IR305 are relevant to the subject of the war on terrorist act. How to cite Is the War on Terrorism a War Essay, Essay examples

Management of Knowledge and Information

Questions: 1. Two main methods used by management in decision making. What are two models, explain in detail. How each model works?2. Difference b/w explicit and tacit knowledge. Use examples in the answer.3.There are no. of considerations when considering performance criteria. Identify five and give a brief explanation.4. When considering disseminating information, two key factors need to be considered. What are they? Give explanation in your answers? Also discuss system capability, privacy, and relevance.5. Governance of DSS system, when discussing management of data, such as held in a data warehouse paramount. Discuss how governance should be approached. What are factors that must be incorporated?6. Difference b/w structured and unstructured data. Give examples.7. The question of validity and reliability of information is one that companies face. What are three types of validity? What are they? Explain. Answers: 1. The two models that have been identified for the process of decision making are the rational model and the non-rational models. The rational model of making a decision is based on the fact that the management of the organization takes the decision based on the economic interest of the organization. The decision is made by the information that is readily available to the managers. The decision is taken based on the following steps; recognition of the need, diagnosis of the problem, development of the solutions, selection of the alternatives, implementation, and evaluation. The non-rational model of decision making can be seen as the biased way of making a decision. In the case of the non-rational decision making, all the information are not available, and the decision maker is biased by the personal preferences. Since all the information is not available in this case, the decision taken is termed as the best guess. 2. Explicit Knowledge Tacit Knowledge 1. All the information that are available on the record is the explicit knowledge. The information that is available in the human mind in the form of experience and the models are called the tacit knowledge. 2. Since the information are available in the records, this information can be coded, articulated and stored in documents and the storage devices Since the tacit information cannot be penned to form a document, these are extremely personal, and can't be stored in different locations. 3. Since the information can be documented, they can be easily transferred from one place to another, without a problem. On the other hand, the tacit knowledge being hard to document makes it very difficult to transfer from one person to another. 4. Explicit information due to its advantages is valued lesser compared to the tacit language. Tacit knowledge is more difficult to transmit and is extremely personal thus making it more valuable. 5. The skills of a person are explicit in nature The experience of the person is tacit in nature 3. The performance of an organization is dependent on the various conditions the five major criteria which have been discussed below: Identification of objectives: To ensure that proper output is created from the system the goals and the objectives of the system should be well understood which will help in taking better decision for the system. Information: The information is the most important tool needed for making a proper decision for the system. Thus the information should be filtered accordingly so that only the accurate information is taken for taking a decision. Analysis of the available information and creation of the paths of execution help in achieving the target based on the available resources and information. Clear conclusion: The clear goals will produce clear results and should be well documented so that each decision is supported by evidence. Records should be well maintained, and the reports and the information should be well documented which will act as the reference for the future. 4. While disseminating the information the two factors that are to be given utmost importance are meaningful information that is to be distributed and the target. The information that is to be disseminated should be well analyzed as wrong information can create havoc for the target, as the inappropriate instruction can create different output which is not needed by the organization. The targets too should be well analyzed as the information meant for the manager if delivered to the functional staffs can result in the creation of a sense of mistrust among the employees. As it has been stated in the previous paragraph, the information and the target should be well checked. Well, distributed information and relevance will result in better preproduction and the capability of the system, and the reverse will result in chaos. The mistakes will not only create the chaos but will also compromise the privacy. 5. The management of data is the key of any information system. The decision support system allows the managers to manage data through a subsystem called data management system. The DSS can include the data management system that can extract data from the data warehouse. The transaction processing system is considered as the standard medium for input information. The organizations that do not use transaction-processing system utilize different technology for inputting information into the system. The data management system will connect to the various electronic devices of the organization so that proper and accurate information can be provided. The development team has to be conscious of the fact the system will be conducting processes on three different types of information such as organizational information, personal information, and external information. 6. Factors Structured Unstructured Meaning In general, the structured data is referred to the well-organized data. The unstructured data is just the opposite of structured data that is the data that is not organized refers to unstructured data. Application The structured data is used in the database, search engine and much more. The structured data is directly added to the page's markup. The unstructured data is used a word processor, powerpoint, video, audio and much more. In addition to that Hadoop, Big data tool, uses the unstructured data. Example: If one developer is creating a database in SQL server and one table is a consumer. Then he must put the fields called name, address, contact and much more in the table. These atomic data are the structured data. Every people who use e-mail come across with the unstructured once a day. It is because the body of the electronic mail is the example of the unstructured data. 7. The decision support system is a very sensitive information system and is attached to the core management aspects of the system. This implies that the system is always offered with reliable and verified information. The three types of validity are such as following. Format validity: It validates that the data that is entered is of right format or not. Taken as an instance, some National Insurance is in the form LL 99 99 99 L' where 9 is any number and L is any letter. Range validity: It validates that the inputted data is of accurate range or not. Taken as an instance, Number of days worked should be between o to 50. Lookup table Validity: It validates that whether the data is accepted by the lookup table or not. Taken as an example, There are only twelve possible months of a year. Bibliography Anderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., Williams, T. A., Camm, J. D., Cochran, J. J. (2015).An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making. Cengage learning. Bak, C. A., Vogt, L. H., George, W. R., Greentree, I. R. (2013). Management by the team. Logistics Information Management. Bassano, C., DAniello, G., Gaeta, M., Miranda, S., Orciuoli, F., Sandkuhl, K., Tomasiello, S. (2015). An Experience-based Decision Support System for Supporting Governance in Enterprise.Procedia Manufacturing,3, 3559-3566. Buller, P. F., McEvoy, G. M. (2012). Strategy, human resource management, and performance: Sharpening line of sight. Human resource management review,22(1), 43-56. Hau, Y. S., Kim, B., Lee, H., Kim, Y. G. (2013). The effects of individual motivations and social capital on employees tacit and explicit knowledge sharing intentions.International Journal of Information Management,33(2), 356-366. Kaisler, S., Armour, F., Espinosa, J. A., Money, W. (2013, January). Big data: issues and challenges are moving forward. In System Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 995-1004). IEEE.